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Abstract
Introduction There is substantial interest in adding intrathecal opioids, such as hydromorphone to the multimodal pain management strategies. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine whether adding intrathecal hydromorphone to a multimodal strategy could safely improve analgesic efficacy for patients undergoing partial hepatectomy.
Methods A total of 126 adult patients undergoing partial hepatectomy under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive intrathecal hydromorphone (100 μg) or no block. The primary outcome was the incidence of moderate to severe pain during movement at 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of moderate to severe pain during rest or movement at different times within 72 hours, pain scores during rest or movement within 72 hours after surgery, analgesic use, adverse events, and indicators of postoperative recovery.
Results Among the 124 patients analyzed, the intrathecal hydromorphone group showed a lower incidence of moderate to severe pain during movement at 24 hours after surgery (29.0% vs 50%; RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.92) than the control group. However, the absolute difference in pain scores on a numerical rating scale was less than 1 between the two groups at 24 hours after surgery. Mild pruritus within the first 24 hours after surgery was more frequent in the intrathecal hydromorphone group (19.4% vs 4.8%; p=0.01).
Discussion Intrathecal hydromorphone 100 μg reduced the incidence of moderate to severe pain and pain scores during movement within 24 hours after partial hepatectomy. However, the difference in pain scores may not be clinically significant, and intrathecal hydromorphone 100 μg did not significantly improve other analgesic or functional outcomes. Further investigation is needed to optimize the intrathecal hydromorphone dose.
Trial registration number ChiCTR2000030652.
- Pain Management
- Acute Pain
- Injections, Spinal
Data availability statement
Data are available on reasonable request.
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Data availability statement
Data are available on reasonable request.
Footnotes
Contributors LD and DC helped with topic selection, literature search, study design, data curation and analysis and manuscript preparation. YC, XW and YZ helped with study design and execution, data acquisition, curation and analysis. FL and QL helped with topic selection, literature search, study design and execution, validation and supervision of projects, manuscript preparation and revision. QL acts as the guarantor for this manuscript and accepts full responsibility for the conduct of the study and the results. This author had full access to the data and made the final decision to publish.
Funding This work was supported by the '1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence-Clinical Research Incubation Project' of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (grant 2018HXFH025 and ZYGD20005).
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
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