We studied the influence of age on the neural blockade and hemodynamic changes after the
epidural administration of ropivacaine 1.0% in patients undergoing orthopedic, urological …

The maximum level of sensory block (MLSB) resulting from injecting a local anesthetic
solution into the subarachnoid space is determined by the cephalad distribution of the local …

We compared the effects of continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine 0.25% with
bupivacaine 0.25% on pain relief and motor block during labor, and on the neonate. Seventy …

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action by which an epidural top-
up reinforces anesthesia in combined spinal epidural anesthesia. Thirty patients scheduled …

Background Changing plasma protein concentrations may affect the protein binding and
pharmacokinetics of drugs in the postoperative phase. Therefore, the authors evaluated the …

The reinforcement of anesthesia by an epidural" top-up" in combined spinal-epidural
anesthesia may be explained by a dual mechanism: a volume effect compressing the dural …

Background and Objectives One of the advantages of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve
block is that visualization of local anesthetic spread allows for a reduction in dose. However …

Three milliliters of a solution containing 4.81 mg bupivacaine base and 0.029 mg methylene
blue per milliliter (BMB) was injected in the middle of a vertically mounted spinal canal …

Background In what way volume, concentration and dose affect block duration is
controversial. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of dose, volume …

Background and Objectives: Stimulating catheters provide feedback regarding the location
of the catheter tip in relation to the target nerve or plexus. There is debate concerning …