Common side effects of opioid administration include sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
constipation, physical dependence, tolerance, and respiratory depression. Physical …

The idea that opioids modulate the immune system is not new. By the late 19th century,
Cantacuzene, used morphine to suppress cellular immunity and lower the resistance of …

Neuropathic pain refers to a variety of chronic pain conditions with differing underlying
pathophysiologic mechanisms and origins. Recent studies indicate a communication …

OBJECTIVE: To develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for interventional
techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic spinal pain. METHODOLOGY …

Background: Current treatments for chronic pain have limited effectiveness and commonly
known side effects. Given the prevalence and burden of intractable pain, additional …

BACKGROUND: Pain relief with spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has focused historically on
paresthesias overlapping chronically painful areas. A higher level evidence supports the …

Background: Chronic neuropathic pain has been recognized as contributing to a significant
proportion of chronic pain globally. Among these, spinal pain is of significance with failed …

Objectives To examine the feasibility of novel high-frequency spinal cord stimulation therapy
in a cohort of patients with chronic predominant back pain during a four day, percutaneous …

Background: The therapeutic spinal facet joint interventions generally used for the treatment
of axial spinal pain of facet joint origin are intraarticular facet joint injections, facet joint nerve …

Background: Even though opioids have been used for pain for thousands of years, opioid
therapy for chronic non-cancer pain is controversial due to concerns regarding the long-term …