Systemic administration of the local anaesthetic lidocaine is antinociceptive in both acute
and chronic pain states, especially in acute postoperative and chronic neuropathic pain …

This review summarizes current knowledge concerning incidence, risk factors, and
mechanisms of perioperative nerve injury, with focus on local anesthetic-induced …

Background Local anaesthetics are known to induce apoptosis in clinically relevant
concentrations. Hitherto, it is unknown what determines the apoptotic potency of local …

Neonatal surgery and concomitant anesthesia coincide with a timeframe of rapid brain
development. The speed and complexity of early brain development superimposed on …

Background: Local anesthetics, especially lidocaine, can lead to persistent cauda equina
syndrome after spinal anesthesia. Recently, lidocaine has been reported to trigger …

Background Ketamine has been shown to have neurotoxic properties, when administered
neuraxially. The mechanism of this local toxicity is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated …

Background and Objectives: Continuous femoral nerve block in patients undergoing total
knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves and shortens postoperative rehabilitation. The primary aim …

Background and Objectives: Midazolam has neurotoxic properties when administered
neuraxially in vivo. Furthermore, midazolam induces neurodegeneration in neonatal animal …

Background: Neurotoxic properties of local anesthetics can rarely lead to irreversible
neuronal damage as in cauda equina syndrome. Clinically, local anesthetics are often …

Neuraxial drug administration, ie, the injection of drugs into the epidural or intrathecal space
to produce anesthesia or analgesia, is a technique developed more than 120 years ago …