Image findings from previous cases of intrathecal gadolinium neurotoxicity
| Author | Image findings |
| Arlt et al 17 | Gadolinium enhancement in the subarachnoid space 1 hour after injection, still present on day 4. None detected on day 56. |
| Li et al 18 | After 6 days: FLAIR: enhancement in the CSF cisterns and cerebral sulci. T1: enhancement in the CSF cisterns, cerebral sulci, cerebral cortex and deep parieto-occipital white matter. T2: slight enhancement in the corona radiata and centrum semiovale. DWI: hyperintensity in the right insular cortex, bilateral thalamus, basal ganglia and corona radiata. ADC: hypointense signals in the cerebellum, brainstem, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. MRA: vasospasm in branches of the middle, anterior, and posterior cerebral arteries. After 8 months: MRI still showed some enhancement; ADC and MRA were normal. |
| Kapoor et al 19 | FLAIR/T1-weighted images: hyperintensity in subarachnoid space and ventricles. |
| Park et al 20 | CT showed diffuse high density in subarachnoid space 6 hours after injection. CT normal after 4 days. |
| Nayak et al 16 | MR showed enhancement in the basal cisterns and leptomeninges. |
| Reeves et al 21 | Enhancement visualized in intrathecal space during fluoroscopy. |
| Popescu et al 12 | CT and MRI showed enhancement visible in subarachnoid space same day as injection. |
T1: T1-weighted MRI.
T2: T2-weighted MRI.
ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient map; CSF, cerebral spinal fluid; DWI, Diffusion weighted imaging; FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; MRA, MR angiography.