Demographics of 690 unique subjects
| Age (years) | 58.8 (12.6) |
| Sex | |
| Women | 376 (54%) |
| Men | 314 (46%) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.0 (6.7) |
| Pain duration (years) | 10.8 (10.0) |
| Pain location | |
| Leg | 79.1% |
| Lower back | 58.0% |
| Upper back | 6.2% |
| Trunk | 3.5% |
| Cervical | 8.8% |
| Etiology | |
| Persistent spinal pain syndrome | 48.1% |
| Radiculopathy | 37.7% |
| Degenerative disc disease | 20.6% |
| Spinal stenosis | 23.0% |
| CRPS | 9.0% |
| Spondylosis | 20.6% |
| Spondylolisthesis | 5.9% |
| Facetogenic | 8.7% |
| Root compression | 11.2% |
| Other | 11% |
Data are mean (SD), % or n (%).