Outcomes of interest assessed in included studies
| Author/year | Surgery | N | Groups (n) | Surgical anesthesia | Primary outcome | Rest pain scores | Opioid consumption | Time-to-first analgesic request | Opioid-related adverse effects | Block-related complications | Duration of recovery room stay time | Hospital discharge time | Functional outcomes | Block success | ||
| Early | Late | Early | Late | |||||||||||||
| Shah34 2015 | Unilateral TKA | 87 |
| Spinal | Postoperative pain scores | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||
| Li32 2017 | Unilateral TKA | 60 |
| GA | Postoperative pain scores | · | · | · | · | · | · | |||||
| Lee31 2018 | Unilateral TKA | 180 |
| Spinal | 24-hour opioid consumption | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | ||||
| Zhang37 2018 | Unilateral TKA | 75 |
| GA | Postoperative day 1 pain score | · | · | · | · | · | · | |||||
| Canbek27 2019 | Unilateral TKA | 123 |
| Spinal | NS | · | · | · | · | |||||||
| Elkassabany28 2019 | Unilateral TKA | 159 |
| Spinal or GA | Postoperative day frequency of severe pain | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||
| Kim29 2019 | Unilateral TKA | 44 |
| GA | Postoperative pain scores | · | · | · | · | · | · | |||||
| Lyngeraa33 2019 | Unilateral TKA | 153 |
| Spinal | 48-hour opioid consumption | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Turner36 2018 | Unilateral TKA | 60 |
| Spinal or GA | Postoperative 30-hour pain score | · | · | · | · | · | · | |||||
| Lam30 2020 | Unilateral TKA | 64 |
| Spinal | Postoperative function | · | · | |||||||||
| Tak35 2020 | Unilateral TKA | 180 |
| Spinal | Postoperative pain scores | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||
Early: ≤24 hours; late: >24 hours.
*One cACB group had an infusion for 24 hours and another for 48 hours.
†One cACB group used a traditional catheter and another used a suture catheter.
ACB, adductor canal block; c, continuous; Dex, dexamethasone; Dexmed, dexmedetomidine; GA, general anesthesia; iPACK, infiltration between popliteal artery and capsule of knee; LIA, local infiltration analgesia; n, sample size; NS, not specified; s, single shot.