Saline | Ropivacaine | P value | |
Sample size, n | 24 | 25 | |
Male, n (%) | 18 (75) | 19 (76) | 0.99 |
Median age (IQR) in years | 67 (59–70) | 67 (60–72) | 0.71 |
Median (IQR) body mass index (kg/m2) | 26 (24–31) | 28 (24–32) | 0.66 |
ASA status (1/2/3), n | 3/18/3 | 4/18/3 | 0.92 |
Median NRS pain score (IQR) at rest (0–10) | 2 (0–6) | 3 (2–6) | 0.30 |
Median NRS pain score (IQR) on mobilization (0–10) | 7 (4.8–8) | 8 (6.3–9) | 0.12 |
Personal treatment before surgery | |||
Paracetamol, n (%) | 9 (38) | 15 (60) | 0.08 |
Tramadol, codeine n (%) | 7 (28) | 8 (32) | 0.75 |
Opioids, n (%) | 0 | 1 (4) | 0.31 |
NSAIDs, n (%) | 4 (17) | 3 (12) | 0.68 |
Gabapentinoids, n (%) | 10 (40) | 2 (8) | <0.01 |
Median (IQR) pre-operative hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.4 (13.7–14.7) | 14.2 (13.5–15) | 0.58 |
Median (IQR) pre-operative hemoglobin (g/dL) | 79 (60–90) | 85 (62–95) | 0.42 |
Surgery | |||
Type, n (%) | |||
Lumbar fusion without osteosynthesis | 12 (50) | 14 (56) | 0.61 |
Lumbar recalibration without osteosynthesis | 9 (37) | 9 (36) | |
Transforaminal circumferential arthrodesis | 3 (13) | 2 (8) | |
Number of segments (=2, >2) | 22 (90)/2 (10) | 22 (88)/3 (12) | 0.88 |
Median intraoperative drug and fluid (IQR) administration | |||
Ketamine (mg) | 40 (30–49) | 35 (30–50) | 0.77 |
Sufentanil (µg) | 27 (25–35) | 25 (20–31) | 0.12 |
NSAIDs, n (%) | 22 (92) | 22 (88) | 0.55 |
Nefopam, n (%) | 23 (96) | 23 (92) | 0.67 |
Dexamethasone, n (%) | 23 (96) | 25 (100) | 0.14 |
Ondansetron, n (%) | 23 (96) | 24 (92) | 0.24 |
Droperido, n (%) | 6 (25) | 16 (64) | <0.01 |
Intraoperative fluid (mL) | 1100 (1000–2000) | 1000 (625–1750) | 0.56 |
Median time (IQR) | |||
Surgery (min) | 124 (89–166) | 112 (77–149) | 0.37 |
Anesthesia (min) | 178 (156–250) | 161 (130–206) | 0.19 |
Length of stay in PACU (min) | 104 (72–154) | 100 (89–120) | 0.96 |
Length of stay in hospital (days) | 3 (2–4.5) | 4 (2–4.5) | 0.60 |
*P values compares saline versus ropivacaine procedure.
†Non-parametric test (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) to compare median (IQR) and χ2 used to compare proportions.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; NRS, Numeric Rating Scale; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PACU, postanesthesia care unit.