Exploration of factors associated with categorical procedural outcome for therapeutic procedures
| Variable | Unadjusted OR (95% CI)* | P value | Adjusted OR, full model (95% CI)* | P value | Adjusted OR, revised model (95% CI)* | P value |
| Age, years | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.03) | 0.039 | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 0.024 | ||
| Duration of pain, years | 0.96 (0.93 to 1.00) | 0.051 | 0.96 (0.93 to 1.00) | 0.072 | ||
| Obesity | 0.58 (0.36 to 0.92) | 0.022 | 0.62 (0.37 to 1.03) | 0.066 | ||
| Smoking | 0.41 (0.23 to 0.74) | 0.003 | 0.64 (0.33 to 1.24) | 0.19 | ||
| Any daily opioid use | 0.68 (0.42 to 1.12) | 0.13 | 0.75 (0.42 to 1.35) | 0.34 | ||
| Athens Insomnia Scale (mean±SD) | 0.93 (0.89 to 0.97) | 0.002 | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.09) | 0.66 | ||
| Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (mean±SD) | 0.94 (0.91 to 0.97) | <0.0001 | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.00) | 0.077 | 0.94 (0.91 to 0.97) | <0.0001 |
| Non-organic signs, number | 0.73 (0.59 to 0.90) | 0.004 | 0.94 (0.72 to 1.22) | 0.63 | ||
| Oswestry Disability Score (mean±SD) | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99) | <0.0001 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.31 | 0.59 (0.36 to 0.96) | 0.034 |
| Average baseline NRS primary pain location score† | 0.86 (0.76 to 0.98) | 0.019 | 0.94 (0.80 to 1.10) | 0.41 |
*ORs are reported as likelihood of procedural success with presence (for categorical variables) or each single unit increase (for continuous variables) in the specified variable, with ORs greater than one being associated with increased likelihood of procedural success.
†Primary location is back for facet and SIJ injections, leg for ESI.
ESI, epidural steroid injection.