Summary of expert panel recommendations incorporating Miller’s hierarchical framework for assessing physicians with the Indication, Acquisition, Interpretation, and Medical decision-making algorithm
| Bedside POCUS | Content | Training tools | Assessment | |
| Indication |
Knowing
Theoretical knowledge | Physics Knobology Relevant sonoanatomy Artifacts | Class-based lectures Web-based lectures Required reading Online resources Podcast Videos | Pre/Post-test (to ensure knowledge acquisition) MCQs SAQs |
| Acquisition |
Knowing how
Image acquisition | Ergonomics Probe selection Image generation Image optimization | Healthy volunteers Pathology Simulator Standardize live pathology Animal models Virtual reality | Validated performance test Image interpretation |
| Interpretation |
Showing how
Clinical integration +practical skills | Systematic approach Pitfalls Limitations Troubleshooting | Direct supervision on patients Workshops Small group discussion Case review Virtual reality | Portfolio collection Image interpretation |
| Medical decision-making |
Doing
Decision-making | Algorithms Clinical integration Medical implications Interventions | Direct supervision on patients Simulators (for select pathology) | Direct observation using validated assessment tools |
MCQs, multiple-choice questions; POCUS, point-of-care ultrasound; SAQs, short answer questions.