Complications | GA | GA only | GA+NA | NA only | ||||
OR (95% CI) | N | OR (95% CI) | N | OR (95% CI) | N | OR (95% CI) | N | |
Mortality6 34 48–55 | 1.02 (0.88 to 1.18) | 1 274 577 | 1.02 (0.88 to 1.18) | 1 274 577 | 0.37 (0.01 to 9.51) | 251 | ||
Cardiac without MI6 48 51–54 56–60 | 0.83 (0.80 to 0.86)* | 1 062 729 | 0.20 (0.01 to 4.18) | 170 | 0.83 (0.80 to 0.86)* | 1 062 559 | 0.49 (0.12 to 2.01) | 279 |
Myocardial infarction50–52 56 58 61–64 | 0.43 (0.07 to 2.73) | 572 | 0.33 (0.01 to 8.35) | 115 | 0.48 (0.05 to 4.68) | 457 | 0.94 (0.26 to 3.46) | 950 |
Respiratory failure 48 53 60 65–78 | 0.30 (0.16 to 0.55)* | 1230 | 0.31 (0.16 to 0.62)* | 557 | 0.25 (0.06 to 1.04) | 673 | 0.71 (0.22 to 2.24) | 231 |
Pulmonary6 48 51–53 56 60 62 65–79 | 0.81 (0.77 to 0.86)* | 1 064 006 | 0.35 (0.19 to 0.66)* | 832 | 0.82 (0.77 to 0.87)* | 1 063 174 | 0.64 (0.25 to 1.67) | 404 |
Pneumonia51 52 56 77–79 | 1.60 (0.54 to 4.73) | 532 | 0.73 (0.14 to 3.74) | 275 | 3.17 (0.63 to 16.03) | 257 | 0.53 (0.09 to 2.95) | 173 |
Gastrointestinall6 52 53 56 62 64 78 80 | 0.83 (0.75 to 0.92)* | 1 062 724 | 0.50 (0.04 to 5.67) | 115 | 0.83 (0.75 to 0.92)* | 1 062 609 | 0.83 (0.36 to 1.92) | 190 |
Renal6 48 52 53 64 77 | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.95)* | 1 062 777 | 3.11 (0.12 to 77.61) | 160 | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.95)* | 1 062 617 | 1.00 (0.13 to 7.60) | 60 |
Renal failure48 52 53 64 77 | 0.77 (0.28 to 2.17) | 625 | 3.11 (0.12 to 77.61) | 160 | 0.63 (0.20 to 1.95) | 465 | 1.00 (0.13 to 7.60) | 60 |
Cognitive dysfunction/delirium48 51 62–65 71 81–89 | 0.32 (0.20 to 0.51)* | 714 | 0.31 (0.16 to 0.58)* | 335 | 0.33 (0.16 to 0.69)* | 379 | 0.57 (0.35 to 0.93)* | 1382 |
Delirium48 51 63 65 81–84 | 0.33 (0.19 to 0.57)* | 449 | 0.32 (0.16 to 0.66)* | 270 | 0.35 (0.15 to 0.82)* | 179 | 0.29 (0.11 to 0.73)* | 930 |
Stroke6 51 62 77 | 0.92 (0.75 to 1.12) | 1 062 404 | 3.11 (0.12 to 77.61) | 160 | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.11) | 1 062 244 | 3.59 (0.14 to 91.94) | 56 |
Surgical site infection6 48 49 51–53 55 61 64 66 70 77 78 85 90–101 | 0.79 (0.74 to 0.84)* | 1 138 255 | 1.19 (0.71 to 2.00) | 5561 | 0.79 (0.74 to 0.83)* | 1 132 694 | 1.23 (0.52 to 2.95) | 739 |
Any Infection6 51 52 55 56 77–79 91 102 | 0.76 (0.72 to 0.79)* | 1 132 133 | 1.03 (0.29 to 3.63) | 343 | 0.76 (0.72 to 0.79)* | 1 131 790 | 0.34 (0.07 to 1.75) | 173 |
Sepsis48 52 53 66 | 1.01 (0.14 to 7.23) | 357 | 1.01 (0.14 to 7.23) | 357 | 0.94 (0.13 to 6.85) | 179 | ||
Thromboembolism6 51–53 55 59 62 64 66 69 70 77 85 92 93 95 97 98 100 103–107 | 0.88 (0.83 to 0.94)* | 1 132 790 | 0.47 (0.15 to 1.43) | 462 | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.94)* | 1 132 328 | 1.30 (0.63 to 2.69) | 827 |
Perioperative nerve injury49 66 67 77 79 90 92 108–110 | 1.36 (0.86 to 2.16) | 10 598 | †6.03 (1.54 to 23.57) | 422 | 0.99 (0.59 to 1.67) | 10 176 | 3.07 (0.31 to 30.44) | 143 |
Blood transfusion6 52 53 56 83 111–113 | 0.91 (0.90 to 0.92)* | 1 592 672 | 1.11 (0.51 to 2.42) | 174 | 0.91 (0.90 to 0.92)* | 1 592 498 | 1.51 (0.71 to 3.18) | 217 |
Blood loss†50 53 66 67 75 76 80 83 99 113–120 | −8.18 (−26.98 to 10.61) | 1 062 729 | −3.79 (−23.32 to 15.74) | 170 | −63.09 (−132.13 to 5.95) | 1 062 559 | −42.30 (−51.90 to −32.71)* | 279 |
Critical care admission6 49 53 64 90 | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.06)* | 1 062 576 | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.06)* | 1 062 576 | 2.77 (0.11 to 70.23) | 76 | ||
Readmission34 55 | 0.66 (0.61 to 0.70)* | 146 453 | 0.66 (0.61 to 0.70)* | 146 453 | ||||
Length of hospital stay (LOS)† 34 49–51 56 60 69 70 72–74 77 79 84 85 89 90 92 99 101 103 106 107 110 113 118 119 121–140 | −0.10 (−0.14 to −0.07)* | 1 138 255 | −0.48 (−0.55 to −0.41)* | 5561 | −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.03) | 1 132 694 | 0.06 (0.02 to 0.09)* | 739 |
Pulmonary: pulmonary complications excluding pneumonia.
All infections: all infections including pneumonia and sepsis.
N (NA/GA): total number of patients with neuraxial/general anesthesia.
*P<0.05 .
†Continuous outcomes reported as mean difference.
CNS, central nervous system complications; GA, general anesthesia; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, neuraxial anesthesia.