Withdrawal symptoms | Management strategies |
Anxiety/Restlessness | α2-Adrenergic agonists (eg, clonidine)
|
Insomnia | Sleep aids (eg, trazodone, melatonin, hydroxyzine)
|
Musculoskeletal pain |
|
Gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) | Oral hydration and electrolyte replenishment
|