Summary of findings
| Outcomes | Liposomal bupivacaine Mean (SD) | Plain bupivacaine Mean (SD) | MD or ROM (95% CI) | Number of participants (studies) | Quality or certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments |
| Pain score 24 hours (NRS 0–10) | 4.12 (1.68) | 4.50 (1.76) | MD −0.37 (−0.56 to −0.19) | 1348 (17 studies) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ High | Homogenous results, low, I2 of 0% p value for heterogeneity0.84 |
| Morphine equivalent consumption 24 hours (mg) | 14.34 (10.53) | 16.33 (9.80) | ROM 0.85 (0.82 to 0.89) | 1086 (14 studies) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ High | Homogenous results, moderate, I2 of 44% p value for heterogeneity=0.04 |
| Pain score 72 hours (NRS 0–10) | 3.33 (2.21) | 3.59 (2.30) | MD −0.25 (−0.71 to 0.20) | 1203 (15 studies) | ⊕⊕⊕ Moderate | Substantial heterogeneity, substantial, I2 of 74% p value for heterogeneity<0.01 |
| Morphine equivalent consumption 72 hours (mg) | 46.02 (32.88) | 52.13 (33.57) | ROM 0.85 (0.77 to 0.95) | 680 (9 studies) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ High | Homogenous results, low, I2 of 32% p value for heterogeneity=0.16 |
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence.
GRADE, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; MD, mean difference; NRS, numeric rating scale; ROM, ratio of means.