Number of subjects | Cognitive–behavioral therapy | No intervention | Standardized difference (95% CI)* |
40 | 37 | ||
Median age (IQR) in years | 66 (58 to 70) | 62 (55 to 73) | −0.14 (−0.58 to 0.31) |
Sex n (%) | |||
Male | 14 (35) | 12 (32) | 0.03 (−0.19 to 0.24) |
Female | 26 (65) | 25 (68) | |
Median BMI (IQR) in kg/m2 | 30 (26 to 37) | 31 (28 to 36) | 0.07 (−0.37 to 0.52) |
Race n (%) | |||
White | 28 (70) | 24 (65) | |
African American | 11 (28) | 12 (32) | 0.05 (−0.16 to 0.26) |
Asian | 1 (2) | 1 (3) | |
Ethnicity n(%) | |||
Hispanic | 1 (2) | 2 (5) | 0.03 (−0.06 to 0.12) |
Median GAD-7 (IQR) (0−21) | 4 (2 to 9) | 3 (1 to 6) | −0.24 (−0.69 to 0.21) |
Median PHQ-9 (IQR) on a 0−27 scale | 6 (3 to 11) | 5 (3 to 8) | −0.17 (−0.63 to -0.27) |
Median PCS (IQR) on a 0−52 scale | |||
Preintervention | 27 (20 to 36) | 28 (21 to 35) | −0.01 (−0.23 to 0.44) |
Presurgery | 18 (11 to 25) | 21 (16 to 31) | 0.48 (0.02 to 0.93) |
Median WOMAC (IRQ) score | |||
Pain on a 0−50 scale | 23 (16 to 34) | 27 (16 to 38) | 0.21 (−0.25 to 0.67) |
Stiffness on a 0−20 scale | 12 (7 to 15) | 13 (6 to 16) | −0.01 (−0.46 to 0.46) |
Physical function on a 0−170 scale | 86 (60 to 108) | 107 (55 to 118) | 0.15 (−0.31 to 0.62) |
Total score on a 0−240 scale | 125 (84 to 164) | 141 (73 to 164) | 0.16 (−0.30 to 0.62) |
Median SF-36 domains (IQR) | |||
Physical health on a 0−100 scale | 35 (30 to 43) | 34 (26 to 39) | −0.37 (−0.84 to 0.08) |
Mental health on a 0−100 scale | 47 (40 to 52) | 47 (40 to 51) | −0.11 (−0.57 to 0.35) |
Median NRS pain (IQR) in the knee on a 0−10 scale | |||
Median NRS (IQR) at rest | 2 (1 to 5) | 3 (1 to 6) | 0.24 (−0.22 to 0.71) |
Median NRS (IQR) with movement | 7 (4 to 9) | 6 (4 to 8) | 0.14 (−0.32 to 0.61) |
Median preoperative opioid use (IQR) in MME | 15 (0 to 15) | 15 (0 to 15) | −0.02 (−0.47 to 0.43) |
Median CSQ-CAT (IQR) on a 0−36 scale | 8 (3 to 15) | 7 (3 to 15) | 0.01 (−0.45 to 0.47) |
*Standardized difference reported as Hedges G for continuous variables and Cliff’s delta for ordinal and dichotomous variables.
.BMI, body mass index; CSQ-CAT, coping strategies questionnaire-catastrophizing subscale; GAD-7, General Anxiety Disorder 7 question survey; IRQ, first to third quartile; MCS, mental component summary of the SF-36; MME, oral morphine equivalents; PCS, physical component summary of the SF-36; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 question survey; SF-36, Optum SF Short Form Health Survey; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index.