Presurgery minus preintervention difference* | P value | Unadjusted differences between groups (95% CI)† | P value | |
Pain Catastrophizing Scale total score (0–52 scale) | ||||
4-week telehealth CBT | −9 (−16 to −3) | <0.01 | −6 (−10 to −2) | 0.02 |
No intervention | −3 (−8 to 0) | <0.01 | ||
Pain Catastrophizing Scale rumination subscore (0–16 scale) | ||||
4-week telehealth CBT | −3 (–6 to –1) | <0.01 | −3 (–4 to –1) | <0.01 |
No intervention | 0 (-3 to 1) | 0.02 | ||
Pain Catastrophizing Scale magnification sub-score (0–12 scale) | ||||
4-week telehealth CBT | −1 (–3 to 0) | <0.01 | 0 (–2 to 1) | 0.37 |
No intervention | −1 (–2 to 0) | <0.01 | ||
Pain Catastrophizing Scale helplessness sub-score (0–24 scale) | ||||
4-week telehealth CBT | −4 (–8 to 0) | <0.01 | −1 (–6 to 0) | 0.05 |
No intervention | −1 (–6 to 0) | <0.01 |
Data for presurgery minus preintervention pain catastrophizing scores reported as median (first to third quartile).
Differences between groups reported as median difference and 95% CIs.
*Comparison made using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
†Comparisons made using the Mann-Whitney U-test.
CBT, cognitive–behavioral therapy.