Injectate distribution with QL1, QL2, and TOP QL3 injections, remotely to the injection site
| Group | Intercostal plane | Lumbar paravertebral space | Lumbar nerve roots | Sympathetic chain | Thoracic paravertebral space |
| QL1 | 13 (65%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| QL2 | 12 (60%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) |
| TOP QL3 | 1 (5%) | 5 (25%) | 2 (10%) | 3 (15%) | 1 (5%) |
Categorical data are expressed as n (%). Each QL group consisted of 20 blocks.
QL, quadratus lumborum; TOP, transverse oblique paramedian.