Table 2

Local anesthetic techniques for ESPB and analgesic regiments of included studies

Author/year	Pre-incisional analgesia	Surgical analgesia	Supplemental postoperative analgesia	ESPB
Author/year	Pre-incisional analgesia	Surgical analgesia	Supplemental postoperative analgesia	Block timing	Block technique 1. Unilateral 2. Bilateral 3. LA between rhomboideus major and erector spinae 4. LA below erector spinae and above transverse process	Level of block	Localization	Assessment of block success	ESPB bolus
Gürkan 201856	None	Fentanyl 2 mcg/kg IV	Paracetamol 1 g IV; tramadol 100 mg IV; PCA morphine	Preop	1, 4	T4	USG	No	20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine
Aksu 201951	None	Fentanyl 2 mcg/kg IV	Paracetamol 1 g IV; tramadol 100 mg IV; PCA morphine	Preop	1, 4	T2 and T4	USG	No	20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine
Arora 201937	N/S	Fentanyl 0.5 mcg/kg-1 mcg/kg IV	PCA morphine	Preop	1, 4	T5	USG	Yes	0.4 mL/kg 0.5% ropivacaine
Singh 201954	None	Morphine 0.1 mg/kg IV	Diclofenac 1.5 mg/kg IV q8h; morphine 3 mg IV prn	Preop	1, 4	T5	USG	Yes	20 mL 0.5% bupivacaine
Wang 201910	1 mcg/kg Dexmed	Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg IV; remifentanil 3.5 ng/mL to 4.5 ng/mL IV	Flurbiprofen 50 mg PO prn; sufentanil 5 mcg IV prn; PCA sufentanil	Preop	1, 4	T4 and T5	USG	N/S	20 mL 0.375% ropivacaine
Divatia 202048 *	N/S	Fentanyl 0.5 mg/kg IV	Paracetamol 15 mg/kg IV q8h; fentanyl IV prn	Intraop	1,4	T5	USG	Yes	20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine
Gupta 202049 *	0.5 mcg/kg/hr Dexmed	Fentanyl 2 mcg/kg (if no block); ketamine 10 mg bolus (if block)	PCA morphine	Preop	1, 4	T5	USG	N/S	30 mL 0.5% ropivacaine
Gürkan 20204	None	Fentanyl 2 mcg/kg IV; tramadol 100 mg IV; paracetamol 1 g IV	Paracetamol 1 g IV q6h; PCA morphine	Preop	1, 4	T4	USG	No	20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine
He 202055	N/S	N/S	Flurbiprofen 50 mg IV prn	Preop	1,4	T3	USG	N/S	20 mL 0.5% ropivacaine
Marzouk 202050 *	N/S	N/S	PCA morphine	Preop	1,4	T4 or T5	USG	N/S	40 mL 0.375% ropivacaine
Seelam 202052	None	Fentanyl 0.5 mcg/kg to 1 mcg/kg IV; paracetamol 1 g IV	Paracetamol 1 g IV q8h; morphine 2 mg to 3 mg IV prn	Preop	1, 4	T4	USG	No	30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine
Yao 202053	Flurbiprofen 50 mg IV	Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg IV; flurbiprofen 50 mg IV q8h	Flurbiprofen 50 mg q8h; sufentanil 2 mcg IV prn PCA sufentanil	Preop	1, 4	T4	USG	No	25 mL 0.25% ropivacaine

*Study from clinical trials registry.
Dexmed, dexmedetomidine; ESPB, erector spinae plane block; h, hour; Intraop, intraoperative; IV, intravenous; LA, local anesthesia; mcg, microgram; min, minute; mL, milliliter; ng, nanogram; N/S, not specified; PCA, patient-controlled analgesia; Preop, preoperative; prn, as needed; q, every; USG, ultrasound guidance.