Demographic and clinical characteristics
| Characteristic | QL block (n=36) | No block (n=35) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||
| Female | 20 (55.56%) | 15 (42.86%) |
| Male | 16 (44.44%) | 20 (57.14%) |
| Age, years, mean (SE) | 58.61 (2.74) | 58.00 (2.09) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| Black or African–American | 17 (47.22%) | 17 (48.57%) |
| White | 19 (52.78%) | 18 (51.43%) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 36 (100.00%) | 35 (100.00%) |
| Surgical approach, n (%) | ||
| Anterior | 16 (44.44%) | 13 (37.14%) |
| Posterior | 20 (55.56%) | 22 (62.86%) |
QL, quadratus lumborum.