RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Neuralgic Amyotrophy Attributed Incorrectly to Block-Related Injury: Understanding Errors in Clinical Reasoning JF Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine JO Reg Anesth Pain Med FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd SP 645 OP 648 DO 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000632 VO 42 IS 5 A1 Joseph M. Neal A1 Susan S. Porter A1 Barry P. Wilson YR 2017 UL http://rapm.bmj.com/content/42/5/645.abstract AB Objective We report a case of misdiagnosed neuralgic amyotrophy (brachial plexus neuritis, Parsonage-Turner syndrome). Our primary objective is to review the scientific basis for errors in clinical reasoning.Case Report We herein report a patient in whom signs and symptoms compatible with neuralgic amyotrophy presented after shoulder surgery. The patient's brachial plexopathy was attributed incorrectly as a complication of interscalene brachial plexus block. The true diagnosis was made only after the patient developed neuralgic amyotrophy in the contralateral upper extremity after a subsequent shoulder surgery on that side, this time without a brachial plexus block.Conclusions Cognitive bias may lead to errors in clinical reasoning and consequent misdiagnosis. Temporal proximity may falsely implicate regional anesthesia as the causative agent.