PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Joseph M. Neal AU - Susan S. Porter AU - Barry P. Wilson TI - Neuralgic Amyotrophy Attributed Incorrectly to Block-Related Injury: <em>Understanding Errors in Clinical Reasoning</em> AID - 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000632 DP - 2017 Sep 01 TA - Regional Anesthesia &amp; Pain Medicine PG - 645--648 VI - 42 IP - 5 4099 - http://rapm.bmj.com/content/42/5/645.short 4100 - http://rapm.bmj.com/content/42/5/645.full SO - Reg Anesth Pain Med2017 Sep 01; 42 AB - Objective We report a case of misdiagnosed neuralgic amyotrophy (brachial plexus neuritis, Parsonage-Turner syndrome). Our primary objective is to review the scientific basis for errors in clinical reasoning.Case Report We herein report a patient in whom signs and symptoms compatible with neuralgic amyotrophy presented after shoulder surgery. The patient's brachial plexopathy was attributed incorrectly as a complication of interscalene brachial plexus block. The true diagnosis was made only after the patient developed neuralgic amyotrophy in the contralateral upper extremity after a subsequent shoulder surgery on that side, this time without a brachial plexus block.Conclusions Cognitive bias may lead to errors in clinical reasoning and consequent misdiagnosis. Temporal proximity may falsely implicate regional anesthesia as the causative agent.