RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Phantom Limbs JF Regional Anesthesia: The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics, Surgery, & Pain Control JO Reg Anesth Pain Med FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd SP 208 OP 211 DO 10.1136/rapm-00115550-198914050-00002 VO 14 IS 5 A1 Melzack, Ronald YR 1989 UL http://rapm.bmj.com/content/14/5/208.abstract AB A phantom limb is universally experienced after a limb has been amputated or its sensory roots have been destroyed. A complete break of the spinal cord also often leads to a phantom body below the level of the break. Furthermore, phantom breasts, genitals and other body areas occur in a substantial number of people after surgical removal or denervation of the body part. The most astonishing feature of a phantom limb (or other body area) is its incredible “reality” to the person. An examination of phantom limb phenomena has led to a new theory. It is proposed that we are born with a widespread neural network—the neuromatrix—for the body-self, which is subsequently modified by experience. The neuromatrix imparts a pattern—the neurosignature—on all inputs from the body, so that experiences of one's own body have a quality of self and are imbued with affective tone and cognitive meaning. The theory is presented with supporting evidence as well as implications for research.