PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - John Robert Coleman
AU  - Patrick Hartmann
AU  - Matthew Kona
AU  - Robert A Thiele
AU  - Reza Salajegheh
AU  - Neil A Hanson
TI  - Use of epidurography in the perioperative and acute pain setting
AID  - 10.1136/rapm-2021-103274
DP  - 2022 Jul 01
TA  - Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine
PG  - 445--448
VI  - 47
IP  - 7
4099  - http://rapm.bmj.com/content/47/7/445.short
4100  - http://rapm.bmj.com/content/47/7/445.full
SO  - Reg Anesth Pain Med2022 Jul 01; 47
AB  - Ensuring proper placement of epidural catheters is critical to improving their reliability for pain control and maintaining confidence in their continued use. This article will seek to address the role of objective confirmation of successful epidural placement via either single view or continuous epidural contrast studies, each creating an ‘epidurogram.’ Furthermore, the pertinent anatomical corollaries of continuous fluoroscopy used frequently in chronic pain medicine, from which these techniques emerged, will be addressed. Technical radiographic information needed to better understand and troubleshoot these studies is also included. Image examples which highlight the patterns key for successful interpretation of epidurograms will be provided. The aim of this paper was to provide an anesthesiologist unfamiliar with fluoroscopic evaluation of epidural catheters with the tools necessary to successfully conduct and interpret such an examination.Data sharing not applicable as no datasets were generated and/or analyzed for this study. This article serves as an educational article and does not include the implementation or analysis of novel datasets. As such, no datasets were generated or analyzed for this publication.