RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Historical Considerations JF Regional Anesthesia: The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics, Surgery, & Pain Control JO Reg Anesth Pain Med FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd SP 2 OP 3 DO 10.1136/rapm-00115550-198001000-00001 VO 5 IS 1 A1 Adriani, John YR 1980 UL http://rapm.bmj.com/content/5/1/2.abstract AB Regional anesthesia of the upper extremities was developed largely by surgeons in the early 1900s after the discovery of cocaine. Although anatomy has not changed and the fundamentals remain the same, the introduction of safer and better local anesthetics and safeguards to avoid complications is resulting in more extensive use of regional anesthesia than there has been in the past several decades.