Footnotes

• Twitter @RSayko_Adams

• Contributors All authors contributed significantly to the manuscript submission. NH led the data analyses. RSA and MJL provided study supervisions. RSA led the writing of the manuscript, with contributions from all co-authors.

• Funding This study was funded by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH; R01AT008404 Larson/Adams).

• Disclaimer The views expressed are solely those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Uniformed Services University, US Army, US Navy, US Air Force, the Department of Defense, the US Government, the National Institutes of Health or the Veterans Health Administration. Approval for this study was granted by the Brandeis University Committee for Protection of Human Subjects and the Uniformed Services University Institutional Review Board. This study used secondary existing data only and did not require written informed consent. Clearance for publication was provided by the Uniformed Services University. Our Department of Defense Data Sponsor is Jesus Caban, PhD.

• Competing interests None declared.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

• Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.