You are here

Article Text

Article menu

Download PDFPDF

Infographic
Perioperative considerations for patients exposed to hallucinogens: an infographic
Free
  1. Trent Emerick1,
  2. Tetyana Marshall1,
  3. Thomas Jeff Martin2,
  4. Doug Ririe2 and
  5. Eric S Schwenk3
  1. 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
  2. 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
  3. 3 Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Eric S Schwenk; Eric.Schwenk{at}jefferson.edu

https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2024-105387

Statistics from Altmetric.com

    Request Permissions

    If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.

    Summary

    Anesthesiologists are encountering hallucinogens more frequently in surgical patients and exposure to these substances poses significant challenges because of altered physiology. In this narrative review the authors discuss a wide range of hallucinogens and psychedelics and conclude that many increase serotonin levels or act directly at serotonergic receptors. Other receptors that these drugs interact with include the N-methyl-D-aspartate and muscarinic receptors.

    Figure

    Ethics statements

    Patient consent for publication

    Ethics approval

    The name of the IRB is the Institutional Review Board at the University of Michigan, which exempted the study.

    Footnotes

    • X @TrentDEmerick, @ESchwenkMD

    • Contributors All coauthors have contributed to the creation and editing of the infographic and summary paragraph.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests JS, YL, and VG have no disclosures. CB, ME, JW, and MB receive funding from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA042859). Dr Brummett is a consultant for Heron Therapeutics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Alosa Health and the Benter Foundation, not related to this work. No funder or sponsor had any role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. JS had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

    • Provenance and peer review Commissioned; externally peer reviewed.