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Journey across epidemiology’s third variables: an anesthesiologist’s guide for successfully navigating confounding, mediation, and effect modification

Authors

  • Joshua Levy Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA Program in Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Rebecca Lebeaux Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA Program in Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Brock Christensen Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Tor Tosteson Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA The Dartmouth Institute, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Yvon Bryan Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  1. Correspondence to Joshua Levy, Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover NH 03755, USA; joshua.j.levy.gr{at}dartmouth.edu
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Citation

Levy J, Lebeaux R, Christensen B, et al
Journey across epidemiology’s third variables: an anesthesiologist’s guide for successfully navigating confounding, mediation, and effect modification

Publication history

  • Received August 4, 2020
  • Revision received April 21, 2021
  • Accepted April 22, 2021
  • First published May 21, 2021.
Online issue publication 
January 10, 2022

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