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  • Pharmacokinetics of 400 mg Locally Infiltrated Ropivacaine After Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Perioperative Tourniquet Use

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Regional anesthesia and acute pain: Original articles
Pharmacokinetics of 400 mg Locally Infiltrated Ropivacaine After Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Perioperative Tourniquet Use
  1. Sietske M.K. Bakker, MD*,
  2. Maaike G.E. Fenten, MD*,†,
  3. Daan J. Touw, PhD‡,
  4. Bart J.F. van den Bemt, PhD§∥,**,
  5. Petra J.C. Heesterbeek, PhD††,
  6. Gert-Jan Scheffer, MD, PhD† and
  7. Rudolf Stienstra, MD, PhD*
  1. *From the Department of Anesthesiology, Sint Maartenskliniek; and
  2. †Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen;
  3. ‡Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen;
  4. §Department of Pharmacy, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen;
  5. ∥Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen;
  6. **Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht and
  7. ††Research Department, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
  1. Address correspondence to: Rudolf Stienstra, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Post Box 9011, 6500 GM Nijmegen, the Netherlands (e-mail: r.stienstra{at}maartenskliniek.nl).

Abstract

Background and Objectives Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) with ropivacaine for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasingly used. Despite the high doses of ropivacaine, LIA is considered safe, and this perception is sustained by pharmacokinetic data demonstrating that maximum concentrations of ropivacaine stay well below the toxic threshold in plasma. These pharmacokinetic studies all involve TKA procedures with the use of a tourniquet. Recently, performing TKA without the use of a tourniquet is gaining popularity, but no pharmacokinetic data exist when LIA is administered for TKA without the use of a tourniquet. The purpose of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetic profile of a single-shot ropivacaine (200 mL 0.2%) and 0.75 mg epinephrine (1000 μg/mL) when used for LIA in patients for TKA without a tourniquet.

Methods In this prospective cohort study, 20 patients treated with LIA for TKA without a tourniquet were studied. Plasma samples were taken at 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360, 480, 600, 720, and 1440 minutes after local anesthetic infiltration, in which total and unbound ropivacaine concentrations were determined.

Results Results are given as median (interquartile range [IQR]). Median peak ropivacaine concentration was 1.16 μg/mL (IQR, 0.46); median peak unbound ropivacaine concentration was 0.05 μg/mL (IQR, 0.02). The corresponding times to reach the maximum concentration for total and unbound ropivacaine were 360 (IQR, 240) and 360 (IQR, 360) minutes, respectively.

Conclusions Although great interindividual variability in ropivacaine concentration was found, both total and unbound maximum serum concentrations remained below the assumed systemic toxic thresholds in all samples.

Clinical Trial Registration This study was registered at Netherlands Trial Registry (http://www.trialregister.nl), trial ID NTR6306.

https://doi.org/10.1097/AAP.0000000000000816

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    Footnotes

    • This study was entirely funded by the Department of Anesthesiology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

    • The authors declare no conflict of interest.