Article Text
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aims of this study were to establish the potencies of epinephrine, bupivacaine, dextromethorphan, 3-methoxymorphinan, and dextrorphan and evaluate interactions of epinephrine with bupivacaine, dextromethorphan, 3-methoxymorphinan, or dextrorphan as an infiltrative anesthetic. Bupivacaine, a common and long-acting local anesthetic, was used as control.
Methods: Dose-dependent responses of epinephrine, dextromethorphan, 3-methoxymorphinan, and dextrorphan on cutaneous analgesia were compared with bupivacaine in rats. The interactions of drugs were evaluated via an isobolographic analysis.
Results: We found that epinephrine, bupivacaine, dextromethorphan, 3-methoxymorphinan, and dextrorphan produced a dose-dependent local anesthetic effect as infiltrative cutaneous analgesia. Relative potencies were epinephrine > bupivacaine > dextromethorphan > 3-methoxymorphinan > dextrorphan (P < .01 for each comparison). Coadministration of bupivacaine with epinephrine produced a synergistic effect, and coadministration of dextromethorphan, 3-methoxymorphinan, or dextrorphan with epinephrine produced an additive effect.
Conclusions: Epinephrine, dextromethorphan, 3-methoxymorphinan, and dextrorphan are known to have local anesthetic effects as infiltrative cutaneous analgesia in rats. Epinephrine increased the potency of bupivacaine, but not dextromethorphan, 3-methoxymorphinan, or dextrorphan as an infiltrative anesthetic. The cutaneous analgesic effects of adding epinephrine to dextromethorphan, 3-methoxymorphinan, or dextrorphan, are similar to combinations of 2 local anesthetics.
- Epinephrine
- Cutaneous analgesia
- Bupivacaine
- Dextromethorphan
- 3-Methoxymorphinan
- Dextrorphan
- Local anesthetics
- Isobolographic analysis
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Footnotes
Reprint requests: Ching-Hsia Hung, Ph.D., Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, Taiwan. E-mail: chhung{at}mail.ncku.edu.tw
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided for this study by the National Science Council (NSC 94-2314-B-006-030 and NSC 96-2314-B-039-026) of Taiwan. This work was done at the National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.