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Original Article
Plasma Concentrations and Hemodynamic Changes After Repeated Interpleural Injections of Bupivacaine-Epinephrine
  1. Olle Engdahl, M.D.,
  2. Jacob Boe, M.D., Ph.D. and
  3. Stefan Sandstedt, M.D., Ph.D.
  1. *From the Departments of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden;
  2. †Thoracic Medicine, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Norway; and
  3. ‡Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
  1. Address all correspondence to Dr. Olle Engdahl, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.

Abstract

Background and Objectives. The purpose of this investigation was to study the arterial plasma concentrations of bupivacaine and the hemodynamic changes after interpleural injection of 20 ml 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine in patients treated by chest drainage for spontaneous pneumothorax.

Methods. Twenty-two patients with spontaneous pneumothorax planned to be treated by chest drainage were randomly allocated to a bupivacaine group and a control group receiving saline. After introduction of the chest drain and evacuation of the pneumothorax, 10 injections through an interpleural catheter were given at 8-hour intervals in a double-blind fashion. Plasma concentrations were determined at 5, 10, 20, 30, 240, and 480 minutes after the first injection and before and at 15 and 30 minutes after the 4th, 7th, and 10th injections. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure was registered before and at 15 and 30 minutes after each injection.

Results. Mean C max after the first injection was 1.02 ± 0.24 μg/ml at 15 minutes, the highest individual C max after 20 minutes being 1.56 μg/ml. Mean plasma concentrations increased up to and after the 4th injection but did not rise further after the 7th and 10th injections. The highest individual C max was 1.92 μg/ml at 15 minutes after the 10th injection. The injections were accompanied by a small but statistically significant reduction in mean arterial blood pressure and a rise in heart rate 15 minutes after injection in the bupivacaine group compared with the control group.

Conclusions. Repeated interpleural bolus injections of 20 ml 0.5% bupivacaine-epinephrine at 8-hour intervals are safe regarding plasma concentrations of bupivacaine. Small but statistically significant hemodynamic changes can be noticed, probably the result of beta- adrenergic stimulation by epinephrine.

  • Anesthetic technique
  • bupivacaine
  • chest drainage
  • interpleural analgesia.

https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-199318060-00010

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    Footnotes

    • The authors thank Ewa Arweström and Bruce Minor, Ph.D., for assistance in planning the study, the laboratory personnel at Astra Pain Control for determining the plasma concentrations of bupivacaine, Carl-Erik Sjödahl for assistance in statistical analysis, and Erik Leander for statistical advice.